Procedural and Declarative Knowledge: The Swedish and Vietnamese learners' acquisition of knowledge in English grammar, and Pedagogical Implications

In this study, the L2 acquisition of English third person-s in different settings is examined. Two types knowledge are declarative as about a grammatical rule, and procedural ability to use these rules spoken production. Data on was collected from 32 young learners Sweden 44 Vietnam. The learners' grammar assessed using elicitation instruments that captured subject-verb agreement person singular s (3-sg-s). Procedural tested communicative tasks where participants were asked describe boy's habitual action orally picture series. Declarative investigated by means metalinguistic task. correct sentences explain reasons for their choices referring rules. average scores tests within each group statistically analyzed. results show differences learner outcomes, Swedish better at Vietnamese knowledge. It suggested two independent other. Implications language learning teaching will be further discussed based practices found Son (2018).